The Theme in The Minister’s Black Veil Essay - 2601 Words

The Theme in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism† explains what he interprets Hawthorne’s main theme to be in his short stories: This technique, though Hawthorne’s is different from that of European writers, creates analogies between self and not-self, between personality and the worlds. . . .Henceforth Hawthorne’s theme is the redemption of the self through the acceptance and exploitation of what society terms the guilt of the individual but which to the Romantic is society’s guilt (92). The interplay between the guilt of the individual, Reverend Mr. Hooper, and society’s guilt, underlies all of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black†¦show more content†¦. . . it puts one outside the ‘magic circle’ or the ‘magnetic chain’ of humanity, where there is neither love nor reality (54). The theme arises from the central conflict in the tale, which is an internal one, a spiritual-moral conflict within the minister, the Reverend Mr. Hooper. â€Å"Everything he has to say is related, finally, to ‘that inward sphere’† (McPherson 68-69). The minister’s absorption into the problems of his â€Å"inner sphere† cause the draping of the crape veil and the resultant alienation from people. At the outset of the tale, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† the sexton is tolling the church bell and simultaneously watching Mr. Hooper’s door, when suddenly he says, ``But what has good Parson Hooper got upon his face? The surprise which the sexton displayed is repeated in the astonishment of the onlookers: â€Å"With one accord they started, expressing more wonder. . .† The reason is this: â€Å"Swathed about his forehead, and hanging down over his face, so low as to be shaken by his breath† is a black veil. The 30 year old, unmarried parson receives a variety of reactions from his congregation, all of which imply the alienation that is in the mind of the speaker or doer: ``I cant really feel as if good Mr. Hoopers face was behind that piece of crape ``He has changed himself into something awful, only byShow MoreRelatedTheme Of The Ministers Black Veil1080 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Symbolism in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† Each individual has to make the choice to either dwell on their sin, or let go of their sins. Some people can let it go and move on, but some try to hide from their sin. Some even hide from the sins of others. In his short story â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne creates an eerie tale about the veiled minister of Milford Village. The main character, Mr. Hooper starts wearing a veil to his sermons. The whole town is skepticalRead More The Theme of Hawthorne’s The Ministers Black Veil Essay2353 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† – The Theme  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tale, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† the dominanat theme is obviously one man’s alienation from society. This essay intends to explore, exemplify and develop this topic.    Hyatt Waggoner in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne† states:    Alienation is perhaps the theme he handles with greatest power. â€Å"Insulation,† he sometimes called it – which suggests not only isolation but imperviousness. It is the opposite ofRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Ministers Black Veil1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves, but when ignored, sin is still manifested in those within; in order to fully make progress in one’s character, sin has yet to be recognized.In the parable â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne initially illustrates a town full of â€Å"good people,† but then contradicts this idea, proving, through a black veil, that all people live with concealed and ashamed pasts. This can be parallelled to the Theories of Guilt that discuss how humans are controlled by their shameful pasts. AsRead MoreTheme of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Parable the â€Å"Minister’s Black Veil†569 Words   |  3 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s parable the â€Å"Ministerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Black Veil† his theme of the story is that nobody can escape a sin. An analysis on the surface of the story is one day Mr. Hooper minister of a congregation in Milford, MA, a small settlement of puritans, working hard just to sustain life. When the sexton tolls the bell Mr. Hooper comes out as usual but wearing a black veil. In my opinion this shows that Mr. Hooper is showing that he committed a sin and he wear the black veil as a way to say everyone wearsRead MoreMain Themes of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and The Ministers Black Veil769 Words   |  4 PagesMain Themes of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and The Ministers Black Veil Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works often have parallel themes and similar characters. His approach is quite gloomy and the atmosphere for his stories is many times sad and depressing. Hawthorne concentrates his novel and short stories around the Puritan community, which adds to the tense and unforgiving atmosphere. One of his most renowned novels, The Scarlet Letter and his short story, The Minister’s Black Veil containRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and William Cullen Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis† illustrate several Romantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a Gothic short story written by Edgar Allen Poe, which focuses on exploring the psychology of the primary character, R oderick. Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† isRead MoreCritiques of the Puritan Norms by Nathaniel Hawthorne in Young Goodman Brown982 Words   |  4 Pagesinstitutions that other people found sacred, and beyond that, he hoped to challenge perceptions of what it meant to live a normal life during that time. One of the primary themes of Puritanism is the concept of original sin, and Hawthorne seemed to have a preoccupation with this concept. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Hawthorne uses different characters and different scenes to make important statements on the nature of Puritan life. Specifically, the two works are linked from aRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Minister s Black Veil 1224 Words   |  5 Pages1302 September 21, 2015 Hawthorne, Nathaniel â€Å"the Minister’s Black Veil† Literary Analysis The minister is acquiring attention to actions of the town people to keep secret his guilty and sinful ways. The reader, while reading the short story, can conclude that the narrator is in third-person to reveal the character’s thoughts. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses lots of symbolism and figure of speech to clarify the ministers reasoning for the black veil over his face. The first figure of speech involvesRead MoreHawthorne’s Use of Allegory1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that was first published in the 1836 edition of the Token and Atlantic Souvenir and reappeared over time in Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The short story narrates the events that follow Reverend Mr. Hoopers decision to start wearing a black veil that obscures his full face, except for his mouth and chin. Mr. Hooper simply arrives one day at the meeting house wearing the semi-transparentRead MoreHawthorne’s Use of Allegory1212 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne’s Use of Allegory The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that was first published in the 1836 edition of the Token and Atlantic Souvenir and reappeared over time in Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The short story narrates the events following Reverend Mr. Hoopers decision to begin wearing a black veil that obscures his full face, except for his mouth and chin. Mr. Hooper simply arrives one day at the meeting house wearing

Sexual Crimes Against The Conundrum Of Marital Rape

This Term Paper has been submitted by Nitin Nair Roll no: 212139 On Women and Criminal Law Topic: Sexual Crimes against Women- The Conundrum of Marital Rape During the Monsoon Semester 2014-2015 Introduction The word â€Å"rape† is derived from the word raptus, which means to seize. It is the act of forced non-consensual sexual intercourse with a woman by coercion, fear or fraud. Rape usually include three separate factors, these factors include forced vaginal penetration, threat of violence or violence by the offender and non-consent by the victim. In Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty , the Supreme Court described the crime of rape as ‘deathless shame and the gravest crime against human dignity’. The act of rape not only stripes her of any dignity whatsoever but also subjects the woman to a perverse physical conquest, ostracizing her from society and leading to long lasting psychological problems. Historically under Roman law, the term was used to imply theft of a woman as they were deemed to be property of their guardian and not as an individual with their own rights. Thus, the rape of a woman was a wrong against the person who had custody over her, the woman being considered as wholly owned subsidy. Understanding the concept of Marital Rape Simply put, marital rape can be defined as â€Å"forced sexual activity demanded of a wife by her husband†. There is a common assumption that society takes that rape is usually committed by a stranger and cannot beShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty For Sex Offences3720 Words   |  15 PagesTOWARDS A BALANCED APPROACH ABSTRACT The recent spate of violent sexual crimes that rocked the country is a subject of passionate discussion. It has resulted in a nation-wide demand for the execution of sex offenders as they believe that such heinous crimes deserve nothing less than the maximum penalty. However, that would amount to equating the crime with murder which can lead to further unpleasant consequences. Also, all sexual offences do not merit the death penalty as they differ in degreesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesBusiness morality b. Charities as businesses 12. Democracy a. Good vs. Bad 13. Social Issues (only stats provided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. Cooperation b. Education c. Crime d. Liberty or Security e. Consumerism 1. Media 1a. New vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing

Assignment †Drinks Evidence-Based Claims Free Essays

HBS108 Assignment – Drinks: Evidence-based Claims ———————————————————————————————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION Drinks are an important and yet relatively under researched area of children’s nutrition. The purpose of this report is to research on what the latest peer- reviewed evidence states about the health benefits of products such as Nutrient water, and to then to compare this literature to the health benefits of cow’s milk. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment – Drinks: Evidence-Based Claims or any similar topic only for you Order Now By examining a range of recently published peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic of advantages and disadvantages of drinks which are evidence based claims, this report is an examination and comparison between nutrient water type drinks and cow’s milk. The report then concludes with a recommendation on how to make a good nutritional choice in which is best for children to consume. 2i. ADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN REGULARLY CONSUMING â€Å"NUTRIENT WATER†-TYPE DRINKS Consumers today want more from their beverages than merely good taste. In addition to nutrient water type drinks, energy drinks such as red bull, has continued to gain popularity among teenagers (Malinauskas et al. 2007, p. 2). Studies has shown that energy drinks provide the consumer with increased energy as shown in advertisements with the aid of caffeine by providing the desirable effects of increased alertness, improved memory, and enhanced mood (Oddy O’Sullivan 2009, p. 4). Malinauskas et al. (2007, p. 6) states that through research, energy drink consumption is common among college students, particularly due to insufficient sleep, needing more energy in general, while studying for exams or working on major course projects and while driving an automobile for prolonged period. Guarana is an ingredient found in energy drinks, its functional claim is to increase energy, enhances physical performance, and promotes weight loss. There is scientific evidence to support this claim, major component of guarana is caffeine and caffeine consumption has been associated with increased energy, enhancement of physical performance, and suppressed appetite (Scholey Kennedy 2004, p. 321). 2ii. DISADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN REGULARLY CONSUMING â€Å"NUTRIENT WATER†-TYPE DRINKS Caffeine has been found to have detrimental health consequences. At moderate intakes, caffeine can enhance endurance performance and concentration in adults, but when consumed in larger doses, caffeine can cause anxiety, agitation, sleeplessness, gastrointestinal problems, and arrhythmias (Oddy O’Sullivan 2009, p. 64). Further, acute caffeine consumption reduces insulin sensitivity and increases mean arterial blood pressure. Central nervous system, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal dysfunction have been associated with chronic caffeine ingestion. According to Clauson et al. (2008, p. 6) research has also shown that the high glucose content of energy drinks and other flavored enhanced beverages plays a considerable role in weight gain, which can lead to serious health consequences such as diabetes. In addition, Clauson et al. explains that deaths, new-onset seizures, manic episodes have been linked to ingestion of large amounts of energy drinks. Based on findings, consumption of energy drinks nor nutrient enhanced drinks by childr en is not recommended. 3i. ADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN REGULARLY CONSUMING COW’S MILK According to Popkin et al. (2006, p. 33) many beneficial, and some detrimental, health effects have been attributed to the consumption of cow’s milk. Furthermore, Popkin et al. (2006, p. 533) states that for children and adolescents, milk is the current key source of vitamin D and calcium and is an excellent source of high-quality protein. Cow’s milk consumption has several benefits. Watt, Dykes and Sheiham (2000, p. 14) explains that an adequate intake of calcium is needed to ensure development and maintenance of skeletal strength. Bone disorders such as osteoporosis are an increasing health problem which can be prevented with daily intake of ample quantity of milk. A recent study demonstrated that intake of milk in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased bone mass and density in adulthood (Kristensen et al. 2005, p. 1803). Pfeuffer and Schrezenmeir (2006, p. 113) states that recent observational studies confirm that the consumption of milk products can actually lower cholesterol levels, have reduced risk of protein malnutrition, fewer dental cavities, increased mineral content in children bones and fewer bone fractures. 3ii. DISADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN REGULARLY CONSUMING COW’S MILK According to Bell, Grochoski Clarke (2006, p. 4) up until recently, the only reputed downside to consuming bovine milk and other dairy products were intolerances to lactose and allergies to milk protein. Furthermore, Bell, Grochoski Clarke explains that despite its health bene? ts, the consumption of cow’s milk has come under scrutiny for its reported links to the risk of chronic diseases. According to Haug, Hostmark and Harstad ( 2007, p. 6) several studies has suggested that there is an association between milk consumption and blood pressure; as hypertension is inversely related to milk consumption in some epidemiological- and intervention studies. It has been suggested that some milk peptides have antihypertensive effects, both by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme, having opoid-like activities, antithrombotic properties and by binding minerals. Experiments demonstrate that high calcium content of milk can interfere with a child’s absorption of iron, another mineral that is crucial for development. To ensure a child is not iron deficient, it’s a good idea to avoid serving milk products and iron-rich foods in the same meal (Dewar 2009, p. 28). 4. CONCLUSION Drinks are an important and yet relatively under researched area of children’s nutrition. This report has identified the advantages and disadvantages of children who are of 9 to 12 years of age regularly consuming â€Å"nutrient water-type drinks and cow’s milk. The impact of regularly consuming cow’s milk as opposed to energy drinks in addition to â€Å"nutrient water-type drinks† is expected to have positive health benefits such as the prevention of osteoporosis, increased bone mass and density, lower cholesterol levels, reduced risk of protein malnutrition, fewer dental cavities, increased mineral content in children bones and fewer bone fractures. . RECOMMENDATION From the above mentioned peer-reviewed evidence-based discussion, we recommend that children and adolescents of 9 years of age and older group should consume 3 cups per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products instead as compared with the nutrient enhanced water in addition to energy drinks. Based on findings, consumption of energy drinks nor nutrient enhanced drinks by children is not recommended as the ingredient found in those drinks might lead to adverse effects and possibly death in case of over consumption. Patients with clinically relevant underlying medical conditions, including heart disease, should consult their physician before drinking energy drinks. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, and switching from whole milk to low-fat or fat-free milk has been suggested as one way to reduce children’s intake of excess fat and calories. Diets rich in milk products can reduce the risk of low bone mass throughout the life cycle. The consumption of milk products is especially essential for children and adolescents who are building their peak bone mass and developing lifelong habits. Although each of these food groups may have a different relationship with disease outcomes, the adequate consumption of all food groups contributes to overall health. 6. REFERENCE LIST Bell, S Grochoski, G Clarke, A 2006,’Health implications of milk containing beta-casein with the A2 genetic variant’, Critical Reviews In Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 93-100, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Bellisle, F Thornton, SN Hebel, P Denizeau, M Tahiri, M 2010, ‘A study of fluid intake from beverages in a sample of health French children, adolescents and adults’, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 64, no. 4, pp, 350-335, retrieved 4 September 2011, http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy-m. deakin. edu. au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=f8b1289f-91ba-4e4e-8772-649a62a3cb1e%40sessionmgr111vid=2hid=106. Binns, C Graham, K Scott, J Oddy, W 2007, ‘Infants who drink cow milk: A cohort study’, Journal of Paediatrics Child Health, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 607-610, retrieved 21 August 2011, . Black, R Williams, S Jones, I Goulding, A 2002,’Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 675-680, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Cecil, J Palmer, C Wrieden, W Murrie, I Bolton-Smith, C Watt, P Wallis, D Hether ington, M 2005, ‘Energy intakes of children after preloads: adjustment, not Compensation 1-3’, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 302-308, retrieved 19 August 2011, . Clauson, K Shields, K McQueen, C Persad, N 2008,’Safety issues associated with commercially avalibale energy drinks’, Journal Of The American Pharmacists Association: Japha, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 55, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Crowley, E Williams, L Roberts, T Jones, P Dunstan, R 2008, ‘Evidence for a role of cow’s milk consumption in chronic functional constipation in children: Systematic review of the literature from 1980 to 2006’, Nutrition Dietetics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 29-35, retrieved 21 August 201l, . Haug, A Hostmark, A Harstad, O 2007,’Bovine milk in human nutrition-a review’, Lipids in Health And Disease, vol. 6, pp. 25, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Henriks en, C Eggesbo, M Halvorsen, R Botten, G 2000, ‘Nutrient intake among two-year-old children on cows’ milk-restricted diets’ , Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway:1992), vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 272-278, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Kristensen, M Jensen, M Kudsk, J Henriksen, M Molgaard, C 2005,’Short-term effects on bone turnover of replacing milk with cola beverages: a 10-day interventional study in young men’, Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established As Result Of Cooperation Between The European Foundation For Osteoporosis And The National Osteoporosis Foundation Of The USA, vol. 16, no. 2. pp. 1803-1808, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Malinauskas, B Aeby, V Overton, R Carpenter-Aeby, T Barber-Heidal, K 2007,’ A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students’, Nutrition Journal, vol. , pp, 35, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Oddy, W O’Sullivan, T 2009,’ Energy drinks for children and adolescents’, BMJ (Clinical Research Ed), vol. 340, pp. 64, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Patel, A Hampton, K 2011, ‘Encouraging consumption of wate r in school and child care settings: access, challenges, and strategies for improvement’, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 101, no. 8, pp. 1370-1379, retrieved 23 August 2011, http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy-m. deakin. edu. u/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=37554068-00c1-45ad-a81c-1faf54e13bcd%40sessionmgr110vid=2hid=106. Pfeuffer, M Schrezenmeir, J 2007,’Milk and the metabolic syndrome’, Obesity Reviews: An Official Journal Of The International Association For The Study Of Obesity, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 109-118, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Popkin, B Armstrong, L Bray, G Caballero, B Frei, B Willett, W 2006,’A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States’, The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 529-542, retrieved 4 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Scholey, A Kennedy, D 2004,’Cognitive and Physiological effects of an â€Å"ener gy drink†: an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions’, Psychopharmacology, vol. 176, no. 3-4, pp. 320-330, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Shirreffs, S 2009, ‘Hydration in sport and exercise: water, sports drinks and other drinks’, Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 374-379, retrieved 19 August 2011, . Vieira, M Morais, M Spolidoro, J Toporovski, M Cardoso, A Araujo, G Nudelman, V Fonseca, M 2010, ‘A survey on clinical presentation and nutritional status of infants with suspected cow milk allergy’, BMC Pediatrics, vol. 10, pp. 25, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Watt, R Dykes, J Sheiham, A 2000, ‘Drink consumption in British preschool children: relation to vitamin C, iron and calcium intakes’, Journal of Human Nutrition Dietetics, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 13-19, retrieved 20 August 2011, . Weaver, C 2009, ’Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point’, The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 1634S-1637S, retrieved 5 September 2011, MEDLINE with Full Text, EBSCOhost. Williamson, C 2009, ‘Functional foods: what are the benefits? , British Journal of Community Nursing, vol. 14, no. 6, retrieved 19 August 2011, http://web l4. ebscohost. com. ezproxy-m. deakin. edu. au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=d08a7352-0a80-4eb7-a906-eef22e10525e%40sessionmgr112vid=5hid=106. How to cite Assignment – Drinks: Evidence-Based Claims, Essay examples

MS Zara Company free essay sample

Case: Marks Spencer’s versus Zara’s Operations Marks Spencer (MS) is a major British retailer of clothing, food and financial services. Over 30 million customers are served per month in more than 300 UK stores, besides the many international locations. The company was established in 1884 and now it has over $17 billion in annual sales with the highest profit margin in the retailing industry. M S is encountering some difficulties in logistics because it has lengthy logistics procedures forcing the retailer to order 9 months in advance. Competitors like Zara have very fast and efficient logistics with excellent lead time. Nimble competitors are offering low prices as well as achieving many deliveries per year of new fashion items. MS decided to pursue a new strategy of improving their product appeal, availability and value. The retailer encountered difficulties because its processes are not flexible enough to allow short lead times. We will write a custom essay sample on MS Zara Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New product development is slow and costly. The relationship with suppliers is not fast enough, nor efficient enough. MS started to achieve savings by using fewer suppliers and working more effectively with them. This is to assure better product quality, value and availability. Spanish retailer Zara has hit on a formula for supply chain success that works. By defying conventional wisdom, Zara can design and distribute a garment to market in just fifteen days. In Zara stores, customers can always find new products—but theyre in limited supply. This makes the customer eager to visit the store more often and in an urgent manner. Whatever is sold will not be back again. Such a retail concept depends on the regular creation and rapid replenishment of small batches of new goods. Zara often beats the high-fashion houses to the market and offers almost the same products, made with less expensive fabric, at much lower prices. This fast fashion system depends on a constant exchange of information throughout every part of Zaras supply chain—from customers to store managers, from store managers to market specialists and designers, from designers to production staff, from buyers to subcontractors, from warehouse managers to distributors, and so on. Most companies insert layers of bureaucracy that can bog down communication between departments. But Zaras organization, operational procedures, performance measures, and even its office layouts are all designed to make information transfer easy. Zara’s cross-functional teams meet on short notice and without bureaucratic procedures. They can examine prototypes in the hall, choose a design, and commit resources for its production and introduction in a few hours, if necessary. Zara stores receive small shipments and carry little inventory, the risks are small; unsold items account for less than 10 percent of stock, compared with the industry average of 17 percent to 20 percent. This case compares a traditional company with traditional logistics, versus a nimble and agile company following the new ways of doing logistics. Zara’s ways have proven to be successful and efficient, and at the same time they encourage customers to visit the stores more often and to purchase whatever they like before it gets sold out. This shows how important logistics can be in securing successful operations and processes resulting in products being at the right amount, the right price and the right place. Question: Discuss the importance of successful operations management and logistics on gaining a competitive advantage. Use the case above, and the relevant B200B material covered so far, to analyze the differences between Marks Spencer and Zara in terms of their operations and logistics. Clarify what made Zara so successful, and discuss current related issues in logistics and operations using the E-library (EBSCO and Emerald). (100 Marks)